P0016 Code – Crankshaft Position / Camshaft Position Correlation (Bank 1 Sensor A) | Meaning, Causes, Symptoms & Fix

The P0016 diagnostic trouble code indicates a problem with the correlation between the crankshaft position sensor and the camshaft position sensor on Bank 1.

In simple terms, the engine timing is out of sync.

When P0016 appears, your Check Engine Light will illuminate, and the vehicle may experience rough running, poor acceleration, or even failure to start.

This code is considered serious because it may indicate internal engine timing problems.

What Does P0016 Mean?

The code P0016 stands for:

Crankshaft Position – Camshaft Position Correlation (Bank 1 Sensor A)

The engine control module constantly compares signals from:

• Crankshaft Position Sensor (CKP)

• Camshaft Position Sensor (CMP)

If the timing between these two signals falls outside expected limits, P0016 is triggered.

This usually indicates:

• timing chain stretch

• timing belt misalignment

• faulty camshaft actuator

• sensor malfunction

Quick Overview

Symptoms of P0016

Common symptoms include:

• Hard starting

• Engine stalling

• Rough idle

• Loss of power

• Engine rattling noise

• Check Engine Light ON

• Engine may not start at all

A rattling noise on cold start is often a sign of timing chain issues.

Why P0016 Is Serious

Unlike simple sensor codes, P0016 may indicate mechanical timing problems.

If ignored, it can lead to:

• Bent valves

• Engine misfire

• Complete engine failure

• Expensive internal repairs

Early diagnosis is critical.

Common Causes of P0016

1️⃣ Stretched Timing Chain (Most Common)

Over time, timing chains stretch due to wear.

This changes camshaft alignment relative to crankshaft.

2️⃣ Faulty Camshaft Position Sensor

A failing CMP sensor may send incorrect timing data.

3️⃣ Faulty Crankshaft Position Sensor

Incorrect crankshaft signal can disrupt correlation.

4️⃣ Failed Variable Valve Timing (VVT) Actuator

Modern engines use cam phasers to adjust timing.
If stuck or clogged, correlation errors occur.

5️⃣ Low Engine Oil or Dirty Oil

Oil pressure affects VVT operation.

Poor oil maintenance can trigger P0016.

Professional Diagnosis Procedure

Step 1 — Scan for Additional Codes

Check for:

• P0017

• P0008

• VVT-related codes

Step 2 — Monitor Cam/Crank Correlation Data

Advanced scanners show cam phase deviation.

Step 3 — Inspect Oil Condition

Low or dirty oil may affect VVT timing.

Step 4 — Mechanical Timing Inspection

Remove timing cover and verify alignment marks.

This confirms chain stretch or belt misalignment.

Can You Drive With P0016?

Driving is not recommended.

Continuing to drive may:

• cause engine damage

• increase repair costs

• lead to complete engine failure

Tow the vehicle if severe symptoms appear.

Repair Cost for P0016

Vehicles Commonly Affected

P0016 frequently appears on:

• Chevrolet Ecotec

• BMW N20 / N52

• Audi / VW TFSI

• Hyundai / Kia GDI

• Ford EcoBoost

• Toyota VVT-i

High-mileage engines are more prone to timing chain wear.

Advanced Technical Insight

Professional technicians measure camshaft deviation using live data.

Normal cam deviation is typically:

• ±2–3 degrees

If deviation exceeds specification, mechanical timing inspection is required.

Replacing sensors without verifying timing often does not fix the issue.

FAQ

Is P0016 a serious code?

Yes. It can indicate mechanical timing failure.

Can low oil cause P0016?

Yes. Poor oil pressure affects VVT systems.

Will replacing the camshaft sensor fix P0016?

Sometimes — but mechanical timing problems are more common.

How long does timing chain replacement take?

Typically 6–12 hours of labor.

Final Thoughts

The P0016 code indicates a camshaft and crankshaft timing mismatch.

In many cases, the issue is related to:

• timing chain stretch

• VVT actuator malfunction

• sensor failure

Because this code may signal serious mechanical problems, proper diagnosis is essential before replacing parts.

Early repair prevents catastrophic engine damage.